Representative Democracy Definition, Pros, and Cons

Representative democracy is a form of government in which the people elect officials to create laws and policy on their behalf. Nearly 60% of the world’s countries employ a form of government based on representative democracy, including the United States (a democratic republic), the United Kingdom is (a constitutional monarchy), and France (a unitary state). Representative democracy is sometimes called indirect democracy. Representative Democracy Definition In a representative democracy, the people elect officials to create and vote on laws, policies, and other matters of government on their behalf. In this manner, representative democracy is the opposite of direct democracy, in which the people themselves vote on every law or policy considered at every level of government. Representative democracy is typically employed in larger countries where the sheer number of citizens involved would make direct democracy unmanageable.   Common characteristics of representative democracy include: The powers of the elected representatives are defined by a constitution which establishes the basic laws, principles, and framework of the government.The constitution may provide for some forms of limited direct democracy, such as recall elections and ballot initiative elections.Elected representatives may also have the power to select other government leaders, such as a prime minister or president.An independent judiciary body, such as the U.S. Supreme Court, may have the power to declare laws enacted by the representatives to be unconstitutional. In some representative democracies with bicameral legislatures, one chamber is not elected by the people. For example, members of the British Parliament’s House of Lords and the Senate of Canada obtain their positions through appointment, heredity, or official function. Representative democracy stands out in sharp contrast to forms of government such as totalitarianism, authoritarianism, and fascism, which allow the people little-to-no elected representation. Representative Democracy in the U.S. In the United States, representative democracy is employed at both the national government and state government levels. At the national government level, the people elect the president and the officials who represent them in the two chambers of Congress—the House of Representatives and the Senate. At the state government level, the people elect the governor and members of the state legislatures who rule according to the state constitutions. The President of the United States, the Congress, and the federal courts share powers reserved to the national government by the U.S. Constitution. In creating a functional system called â€Å"federalism,† the U.S. Constitution also shares certain political powers with the states. Pros and Cons of Representative Democracy Representative democracy is the most prevalent form of government. As such, it has both advantages and disadvantages to the government and the people. Pros Efficient: A single elected official represents the desires of a large number of people. In the United States, for example, just two U.S. Senators represent all of the people in their states. By conducting a limited number of national elections, countries with representative democracies save time and money, which can then be devoted to other public needs. Empowers the People: The people of each of the country’s political subdivisions (state, district, region, etc.) choose the representatives who will make their voices heard by the national government. Should those representatives fail to meet the expectations of their constituents, the voters can replace them in the next election. Encourages Participation: When people are confident that they have a say in their governments decisions, they are more likely to remain aware of issues affecting their country and to vote as a way of making their opinions on those issues heard. Cons Not Always Reliable: The votes of elected officials in a representative democracy may not always reflect the will of the people. The officials are not bound by law to vote the way the people who elected them want them to vote. Unless term limits apply to the official in question, the only options available to dissatisfied constituents are to vote the representative out of office in the next regular election or, in some cases, to demand a recall election. Can Become Inefficient: Governments shaped by representative democracy may develop into massive bureaucracies, which are notoriously slow to take action, especially on momentous issues. Can Invite Corruption: Candidates may misrepresent their stances on issues or policy goals in order to achieve political power. In office, politicians may act in the service of personal financial gain rather than for the benefit of their constituents (sometimes to the direct detriment of their constituents). In the final analysis, a representative democracy should truly result in a government that is created â€Å"by the people, for the people.† However, its success in doing so depends on the people’s freedom to express their wishes to their representatives and the willingness of those representatives to act accordingly. Sources The Importance of Representative Democracy. The Nebraska State Legislature.Kateb, George. The Moral Distinctiveness of Representative Democracy. Institute of Education Services.Desilver, Drew. Despite concerns about global democracy, nearly six-in-ten countries are now democratic. Pew Research Center (2017)Russell, Greg. Constitutionalism: America Beyond. U.S. Department of State.

What Are The Differenceibility Of A SIEM Tools What Is...

SIEM Tools Another defense measure against zero-day threats is utilizing Security Information and Event Management tools SIEM detection: New attack vectors and vulnerabilities are discovered every day. As previously discussed firewalls, IDS and Intrusion Protection Systems (IPS) hunt for malicious activity at various points across the network from the perimeter to endpoints. Taking the search to another level, a SIEM solution has the capability to detect zero-day attacks. This capability can detect activity associated with an attack rather than the attack itself such as a well-crafted spear-phishing attack using a zero-day exploit has a high likelihood of making it through spam filters, firewalls and antivirus software, and being opened†¦show more content†¦After the bug is made known publicly, the exploit raises five times the magnitude† ([ANU], 2013). By utilizing algorithms from data-mining, identifies the frequency of the exploit and can add a rating of the potential of th e threat impacting new versions of software enhancing a defense strategy. Studies show that threats can be identified with a 98.5% accuracy with 2.5% false positive rate. Understanding the delta between accepted and behavior mimicking a compromising behavior better equips professionals awareness of a threat or exploit. Data Analytics Solution Using big data analytics brings the capability of delivering vital information for detecting the formation of an attack prior to it striking and penetrating network defenses. By identifying and containing the exfiltration of data by malicious insiders, an organization can build a stronger cyber defense posture. Possessing the knowledge of the differences between acceptable and nefarious behavior is the key to identifying and stopping zero-day exploits. Big data analytics expands the knowledge base for anomaly detections by applying innovative pattern recognition techniques with machine learning algorithms identifying malicious behavior. Using big data analysis, the capability of predictive analytics through machine learning to recognize patterns in open-source data, supports

Shes BALD free essay sample

What is beauty? Is it the hair, skin color, and eyes or is it the person? What defines and who defines it? I went bald this week and the reaction I got was unbelievable. Some said it looked great, others didnt like it. The stigma of what is beautiful affects high school students in a way I never expected. Certain people wont talk to me because I went bald, or just stare and whisper at the fact that I have no hair. What do they care? Is it their head or is it mine? They ask why I did it; the only answer I have is that I was tired of my hair. I was tired of putting chemicals in my hair , and my hair was falling out because of it. So I decided to just cut it all off. NoI dont have cancer. Nomy intention was not to make a statement. We will write a custom essay sample on Shes BALD or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But while the issue is on hand, why not talk about it? Beauty to me is not defined by the amount of hair I have. To me its defined by my personality, my creativity, my passion, my love for those I care about, my eyes, my smile. Beauty is me. Its not what I wear or the amount of hair I have on my head. My hair does not make me. What everyone must understand is that the media should not dictate what beauty is because the media changes. The medias interpretation of beauty is sometimes not realistic. The truth is that as an individual you must define what beauty is to you. Your neighbor, your mother, you boy/girl friend do not define it. I find that those who are uncomfortable with my hair are uncomfortable with themselves. I have the confidence, the elegance and the grace to be who I am and not apologize for it. Neither should you. Do not comprise yourself and conform to societys view of the norm. Be bold, be yourself. Love yourself. And never apologize for it. (You can be beautiful on the outside yet ugly on the inside. Outside beauty fades but inner beauty lasts a lifetime.)

Recovery and Relapse free essay sample

What must be remembered is that the rewards for living a sober life are many, and they should be considered as motivation to remain clean and sober. The Brain In order to understand about recovery, one must first understand about addiction. Drug addiction is thought to be a combination of both biological and psychological factors, including the Dopamine Theory (Pinel, 2007). The Dopamine Theory is one in which the hypothesis states that addicts have reduced dopamine levels when not using drugs, which makes it extremely difficult for them to stop using for any length of time (Pinel). There is much evidence supporting this theory, there is also evidence supporting the theory that sex and food also increase the release of dopamine in the brain as natural reinforcers. The neurotransmitters are constantly working in the brain, releasing their chemicals which are needed for healthy living. Too much of one of too little of one throws the body into an unbalance state, whether it is before or after drug use. We will write a custom essay sample on Recovery and Relapse or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When a person is first in recovery from drugs, their biological makeup is considerably out of sync. What is normal for them due to the drug use is not normal for others, and their brains are reacting as if in a â€Å"crash†. The production of dopamine is lessened, and they feel lethargic and often depressed due to the lack of drugs in their systems. Sometimes their serotonin and endorphin levels are effected which leads to a biological and mental depression. This is causing a biological reaction which then brings on a psychological reaction of anxiety and stress (Pinel, 2007), which can be very daunting to the person in recovery. Without the energy needed from the brain, many people lose all internal motivation, leaving them craving more of what the drug brought to their system. Craving Craving is an extremely intense urge for the drug that has been withheld from the person, and many times this craving is too intense for many addicts in recovery to withstand. The negative symptoms from the withdrawal are many, and oftentimes they are both physical and mental, causing even more cravings to â€Å"feel better† again (Deckers, 2010). This motivation to use again is negative, although at the time it is often the only foreseeable event a person sees that will help them. Addiction is terrible, withdrawal is painful, and the mental stress endured is extremely hard for many to take for long, especially without the support of family or friends. Heredity Oftentimes it is presumed that everyone has a parent or loved one that can help these people in recovery on their journey, and motivate and encourage them in their walk toward sobriety, but that is not always the case. In most cases there is a genetic predisposition to addiction, meaning that there may be some inherited traits. This theory implies that there may be a gene to be isolated that causes addiction, though this is only a theory without proven support (Deckers, 2010). What is known though is that between the inherited traits and the environment a person is raised in, much is taken in by which the personality is formed. A person with a personality for sensation seeking or an impulsive and high-risk taker will probably be more at risk for developing addictions than someone who is a lower risk taker and who less impulsive (Deckers). There is also the theory that in some addicts the reward center is not readily activated by the â€Å"usual† and everyday occurrences in life (Comer, 2005). This reward deficiency makes it even more difficult for a person to remain internally motivated to remain in recovery due to the physiological malfunctions taking place in their brains. When a person comes into recovery, they may be motivated internally to have a better life, become a better parent, or just remain sober. This motivation may be psychological and very strong, the person may want to be sober and become sober minded and start out on their path of recovery with that strong ntrinsic factor. After they have stopped using drugs, their battle is actually just beginning as they learn to deal with the triggers in life that may fall on them. If they do not have close family to lend them support and to encourage them in an external motivating factor, then the person in recovery may give in to the familiar, and fall bac k into their life of drugs. There are also the physiological happenings in the brain and their neurotransmitters, which can be more powerful than their psychological drive (Comer, 2005). Relapse Although there are many obstacles to be found in recovery, recovery is possible. There are many events to watch out for though on this path that could lead to drug relapse. Priming is a good example of how someone can relapse, by using a drug just one more time (Deckers, 2010). Many times a person can have a time of sobriety and their physical withdrawal symptoms have decreased. They begin to feel better as their neurotransmitters and dopamine levels are more stable, and psychologically they begin to have more confidence and self-esteem. Though this is good, it can lead a person to believe that they can use â€Å"just one time† and stop. This one time use can actually reestablish their cravings for the â€Å"high†, and cause the person to be right back into their addiction. This priming actually brings on the cravings once again for the effects the drugs have on them, and that becomes their internal or intrinsic motivation (Deckers). Extrinsic and Intrinsic Factors Many times a person can begin this fall and be helped by external factors, such as their families and friends encouragement to stop using. External motivations for sobriety are often in the form of friends and family who can encourage and pull a person to wanting a better and drug free life. Unfortunately these same types of external motivations found through others can also be the motivation that pulls a person back into the drugs too. Motivation can be both positive and negative, and can be found internally or externally. It is thought that someone with strong internal or intrinsic motivational factors can become sober easier and maintain that sobriety longer than those with less of the internal motivation. Facts seem to point out though that it takes both, internal and external motivations working in a â€Å"push/pull† rhythm to gain more strength and ability to stand. Other external motivating factors to remain in recovery could be loss of freedom, loss of children, and even loss of their own lives if their physical heath has deteriorated due to their drug use. These reinforcers and punishers play a big role in whether a person maintains their sobriety or not, and should be used to positively encourage the person on their path of recovery. Positive reinforcement can also be used with incentives, such as getting their children back, to encourage sobriety. Many times, before a person enters in to recover for their first time, they have been arrested or felt the negative punishers from their drug use. These same negative punishers may also be the incentive needed for someone to gain and remain sober. Conclusion In conclusion it must be stated that although recovery can be difficult, it is done on a daily basis. It is in the recovery process that people learn to find deep within them a reason for living sober, and see external rewards and incentives to maintain their sobriety.

Free Essays on Adaptation And The Guarani Indians

Societies and or small groups of people living together for an extended amount of time begin to acquire similar knowledge, behaviors and materials regarding other members and the environment around them. Societies also have to learn proper ways to interact with their environment to effectively live within it. These societies need to be careful not to exhaust or over exploit any part of the environment, it is important to give to the environment simultaneously as it gives back to the people. These common areas regarding interactions between societies, people, and the environment they live in combine to create a culture that these people adapt to and follow as the basis for their society. This culture determines how the people should act, the values and beliefs they have, the material they use to perform daily activities and, simply, their role as each member in the society they live in. The adaptation of culture within a society is generally effected and shaped by the environment they live in. Many of the actions, knowledge, beliefs, behaviors and materials used by a culture may have originated from environmental factors forcing the society to adapt such cultural components. A society living in the tropical rainforest or other humid places may wear little clothing as a minor adaptation they face from their environment. Their clothing style may be adapted as part of their culture along with many other aspects facing the environment a culture lives in. Another adaptation is the food people eat; this is a direct correlation to the area they live in and the readily available products surrounding their homes. There is an infinite amount of adaptations a society may face depending on the environment around them, all impacting on their culture significantly. The Guarani Indians are a noteworthy example of a culture that works together with their environment to continue the existence of both themselves and the environment. They work with their... Free Essays on Adaptation And The Guarani Indians Free Essays on Adaptation And The Guarani Indians Societies and or small groups of people living together for an extended amount of time begin to acquire similar knowledge, behaviors and materials regarding other members and the environment around them. Societies also have to learn proper ways to interact with their environment to effectively live within it. These societies need to be careful not to exhaust or over exploit any part of the environment, it is important to give to the environment simultaneously as it gives back to the people. These common areas regarding interactions between societies, people, and the environment they live in combine to create a culture that these people adapt to and follow as the basis for their society. This culture determines how the people should act, the values and beliefs they have, the material they use to perform daily activities and, simply, their role as each member in the society they live in. The adaptation of culture within a society is generally effected and shaped by the environment they live in. Many of the actions, knowledge, beliefs, behaviors and materials used by a culture may have originated from environmental factors forcing the society to adapt such cultural components. A society living in the tropical rainforest or other humid places may wear little clothing as a minor adaptation they face from their environment. Their clothing style may be adapted as part of their culture along with many other aspects facing the environment a culture lives in. Another adaptation is the food people eat; this is a direct correlation to the area they live in and the readily available products surrounding their homes. There is an infinite amount of adaptations a society may face depending on the environment around them, all impacting on their culture significantly. The Guarani Indians are a noteworthy example of a culture that works together with their environment to continue the existence of both themselves and the environment. They work with their...

The world of second jobs for teachers

The world of second jobs for teachers Being a teacher is an important professional calling- but it’s no easy task. Some people look at the profession and imagine it’s an easy job, with summers off and plenty of free time in the afternoon once the students go home. However, those in the know regarding what it’s really like to be a teacher know that this generalization couldn’t be further from the truth. Being a teacher is as tough as it is important. Teachers often work long hours- with tremendous responsibilities that extend both in and out of the classroom- and are constantly dealing with an array of challenging student personalities, needs, and demands (not to mention the needs of the parents and their school administrators).Another key factor working against most teachers is compensation. The notion that teachers are overworked, underappreciated, and underpaid has become a professional clichà © of sorts in the United States, and has led to a growing phenomena among educators- getting a sec ond job to make ends meet. According to a recent Washington Post article, â€Å"Many teachers are paid so poorly, in fact, that they have to take second jobs to pay their bills. A study released earl`ier this year found that in 2015, the weekly wages of public school teachers in the United States were 17 percent lower than comparable college-educated professionals- and those most hurt were veteran teachers and male teachers.†The article points out that this unfortunate situation is not isolated to any specific teaching grade level or geographic region of the country: â€Å"Nationally the situation is bleak. While other professions have seen compensation growth, teachers’ salaries have stagnated for four decades. In fact, over the last decade in 30 of 50 states, teacher pay has actually not kept pace with the cost of living. Forty-seven states face teacher shortages, and there has been a 30 percent decrease in enrollment in teacher credentialing programs in recent year s.†Since the phenomena of teachers taking on second jobs doesn’t seem to be decreasing or ending any time soon, a good strategy for these intrepid educators is to leverage their professional experience, skillsets, and work schedules to their advantage. If you’re a teacher looking for additional employment, consider the following ideas to earn some extra money and help make ends meet.Freelance EditorMost teachers have a great eye and ear for the effective flow of ideas, proper word use, and grammar, and can often spot a mistake quickly- often the result of reviewing countless student essays and reports. That’s why seeking work as a freelance editor can be a rewarding and lucrative option for teachers.Freelance editors are typically well compensated (average hourly wages can range from $25–$40 per hour or more, depending on the project and your experience level), and opportunities are available in all genres, from nonfiction to fiction and more, so yo u can feasibly work on subject matter that naturally interests you. Also, depending on the project deadline you can carve out a schedule that works around your teaching chores and other life responsibilities, making this a potentially attractive option.TutoringGetting paid to tutor individuals outside of work seems like a natural fit for someone who’s already employed as a teacher- and if it’s in a subject that you’re well versed in, then you’ll have little or no prep involved to get started. Since tutors generally set their own hours and pay scales (often based on level of commitment and subject complexity), how much you make can entirely depend on you. Furthermore, you’ll have the flexibility to set your own hours and venue.Technical WriterDo you have a talent for clearly and easily explaining complicated or technical processes? If so, then consider looking for additional work as a technical writer. Technical writers create and review instruction manuals, journal articles, company documents, and how-to guides in an effort to make technical or scientific information easier to understand. This typically requires a background in science, technology, engineering, or computers, but the good news is that if you teach in this area, it may be a great choice for you for a second job.The pay is typically good (average hourly wages can range from $30-$50 per hour or more, depending on the project and your experience level). Plus, you can sometimes work on a per-project basis, allowing you to control how much additional work you take on, and work around your existing schedule.Childcare WorkerMost teachers have a background in and propensity for working with younger people, which may make employment as a childcare worker an easy transition for them. If you have a capacity for caring for children, then consider a second job as a childcare worker. You can often do this type of work with an agency or as a self-employed individual (meaning you can set your own fee scale and availability), and because peoples’ needs for childcare varies you can likely find work for whatever time of day makes sense for you.DriverAlthough this might not seem to be the most instinctual choice for a second job for teachers, take a moment to think about it. In the era of Uber, Lyft, and Seamless, the need for drivers and delivery people has never been greater, and you shouldn’t have a problem finding extra work. In addition, shifts are often available at night, early in the morning, or on weekends, which means you can pick up some extra pay without interrupting your teaching schedule. Also, after a tough, mentally taxing day of teaching, driving as a second job might be a nice change of pace.If you’re a teacher, you may not be looking forward to the idea of a second job, but it may be a necessity for you. If this is the case, you can make it easier on you by choosing your second job wisely. Use the information and ideas presented here to help you make the choice for a second job as easy as possible.

COMMUNITY PROJECT ABOUT HIV Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

COMMUNITY PROJECT ABOUT HIV - Essay Example However, scientists are working extra hard to find a cure. The enormity of the effects of HIV/AIDS attests to the fact that it continues to be a huge global health and social problem. According to the UNAIDS’s World AIDS Day Report of 2011, about 34 million people had HIV, indicating a growth of up to 17 percent since 2001. In 2010 alone, the UNAIDS reported that new infections stood at 2.7 million people. Besides being a health issue, HIV/AIDS is a huge social, cultural and development problem, which is spreading rather fast among women, young people and working-age adults. Thus, HIV/AIDS negatively impinges on the economy, society, family and schooling in a country hence, weakening the entire world. Whenever a portion of the population contracts HIV/AIDS, the economical growth and status of the world is negatively affected. The scourge thus reduces the labour force while demands on already overwhelmed governments and economic and health care systems increase (Gardner et al., 2013). The other reasons HIV/AIDS is particularly a big problem in poor and vulnerable countries and communities are lack of resources to treat and help HIV/AIDS patients, overburdened health care systems, expensive and inaccessible HIV/AIDS medication, and cost of HIV/AID treatment compares unfavorably with the GDP of most poor countries (Gardner et al., 2013). Resources for campaigning and educating the public on HIV/AIDS and on risky behaviors are also scarce. Finally, many people and societies are quite reluctant to discuss risky behaviors and HIV/AIDS, which are considered taboos in certain communities. Citizens, corporate organizations, local and state governments, NGOs, and the international community should thus combine effort to thwart the scourge. Through this project, stakeholders will create HIV/AIDS treatment and response health policies, expand care and treatment, improve teacher training, AIDS education, and social programs, protect children, and do further research on HIV/AIDS an its effects (Gardner et al., 2013). HIV/AIDS Statistics for Miami-Dade County Miami-Dade County, also referred to as the  Greater Miami is situated in the southeastern portions of  Florida. Dade is the most populous county in Florida with the population standing at 2,496,435 as of the 2010 census. In fact, it is the seventh most populous county in the U.S. With a land area of 1,946 square miles (5,040  km2), Dade has the third largest land area in Florida and has an estimated half of the  Miami metropolitan area's population and several of Florida’s largest cities. With 35 incorporated cities and many unincorporated areas, many parts of the northern, central and eastern regions of the county are heavily  urbanized.  Agricultural land constitutes nearly a third of Miami-Dade County's inhabited land area. Unlike the densely populated urban areas in the county’s northern sections, the agricultural areas are sparsely populated. According to the U .S. Census Bureau’s 2012 Ethnic/Race Demographics, White Americans constitute about  77.6% out of whom16.3% are Non-Hispanic Whites. On the other hand, African Americans constitute 19.2%, Asian: 1.7%,1.2%, American Indian and Alaska Native: 0.3%, Hispanics or Latinos  of any race: 64.3%, and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander:  0.0%. A county-by-county analysis of the FloridaCharts.com reveals that Broward,

Olympics as a Platform for Political Protests Essay

Olympics as a Platform for Political Protests - Essay Example Some people believe that by using the Olympics as a platform for political issues, they exert pressure upon oppressive governments and such governments may be forced to change their regime. It is a fact that 2008 Olympics to be held in China has sparked lots of debate. The above writer believes that these protests are actually prompting the Chinese government to review their policies towards Tibet. The latter country is fighting for independence and in order to gain international support, there is a need to choose the right movement when all eyes are on the host country. Such people argue that if they were to choose another time like after the Olympics, very few countries will be interested in the problems of China. Also using sporting events as a platform for political issues allows other countries to demonstrate their disdain about the actions of those oppressive regimes. There are also claims that host countries need to foster the image of the Olympics. This means that they need to portray the peace and unity that is synonymous with the event. If a host country has not been doing this, then it can be seen as a form of hypocrisy. The Chinese government has been criticized for its human rights abuses. There have reports about how the Chinese government prevents its citizens from discussing issues about their government. Furthermore, the Chinese government normally discourages most foreigners form discussing their problems claiming that it has nothing to do with them; they believe that they are the only ones with a right to solve their problems. In light of these arguments, it would be quite unfair for such a government to hold the Olympics and claim that they foster the spirit of unity that is synonymous with the torch. (Rice, 2008) Some people believe that protests should be conducted in any platforms a long as there is room to be heard. Furthermore, they believe that sometimes members of the host country may not have the political freedom to do so consequently, the international community needs top help them in this. For instance, there are numerous goods in the US government that come form the Chinese government. But workers in that location have minimal access to basic resources. Most of them are subjected to harsh working conditions and low pay. They cannot complain about this situation because it may bring problems. Consequently, the international community needs to help the Chinese workers by voicing their complaints. These complaints will only be noticed when the country stands to loose something. For instance, if the international countries boycotts the Olympics, then chances are the Chinese government will loose a lot. It may therefore be promoted to change their worker's conditions due to these chang es. Arguments against using the Olympics as a platform for political protests 'Sport is sport and politics is politics. There has never been anyone who has belied the fact that sport is the best way of uniting peoples.' (Brincat, 2008)

William Goldings Lord of the flies, and Stevensons Jekyll and Hyde Essay Example for Free

William Goldings Lord of the flies, and Stevensons Jekyll and Hyde Essay Both William Goldings Lord of the flies, and Stevensons Jekyll and Hyde focus on the duality of mans evil and the reasons for that sudden change in character. Golding is rather more interested in group evil, and the way that this develops in people, whereas Stevenson focuses on singular evil and the powers that drive a man to befriend the devil. In 1954, after being in the Second World War, Golding reflected on the evil he had seen in his fellow men, and was appalled at how cruel, animal like, and savage humans could be. He wrote this book to show the real nature of men and how taking away civilized society could change people very quickly into evil creatures, once the rules have all but gone, I learned during World War two just how brutal people can be to each other. Not Just Germans or Japanese, but everyone. I tried to point that out. Some have said that the brutality of the novel is impossible, its not, look at any newspaper, William Golding emphasizing the evil theme to his book. Being a teacher in the 1950s, he was in constant contact with younger children and was shocked at their naivety and lack of belief that evil existed in their picture perfect society. So on the island to represent evil, he created Jack Merridew. Jack is a parody of Hitler, who in the 1940s was trying to take over the world with his Nazi regime, Jack stabbed in the air with his index finger, this quote shows a certain likeness to Hitlers behavior and his very evil mind. Being brought up in Victorian England, Stevenson was living in a very class orientated society. Issues such as sex, crime, and murder were all both brushed under the carpet and forgotten about, or were never spoken of in social context. Middle class Victorian men were expected to be true gentlemen to whom sex was a very low priority. This ignoring of sex and other taboo issues led many men and women to lead double lives; in public they were very orderly and well conducted but behind closed doors or when darkness fell they would emerge and show the true nature of their wildly person. Evil was also another subject that was totally ignored, and consequently people denied its existence. So, in his book Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Robert Stevenson aimed to show that evil was alive and well in Victorian London society and that middle class peoples double personalities could be very different and often a great deal more sinister than the face that they showed in public. The amount of evil and villainous material in Victorian literature was so little, so being influenced by such novels as Mary Shelleys Frankenstein and big crimes of the day such as Jack the Ripper, he decided to write and to explore the idea of what evil in texts would be like. In Lord of the Flies evil is explored and displayed in the form of two young boys; Jack and Roger. This alone is quite unusual as young boys are not usually classed or seen as evil characters, but this book is anything but usual in every sense of the word. In this novel the main evil character, Jack has a definite need to dictate over all others around.

The Mind of a Serial Killer Essay -- Murder Killing Murderer Psycholog

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As police walk into an abandoned house, a foul stench overtakes them. The room is dim and looks as though no one has been here for months. They walk further into the house and begin to see spots of blood on the floor. They follow this trail down the stairs into the basement where the smell becomes overwhelming, causing some of the officers to gasp and run back up the stairs. In the basement, they find the remains of several young boys who have been molested and badly mutilated. What could cause someone to participate in such horrendous deeds? What sort of person is able to perform such wicked acts?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Serial killers always have aroused the curiosity and concern of the public. People seem to be both fascinated and repulsed by their horrendous crimes. The stories make newspaper headlines, and their gruesome murders are the subject of popular movies and best-selling books. In this paper, I will discuss what causes a human being to become a serial killer. Although social scientists have developed many theories to explain the mind of a serial killer, the scientific evidence supports the theories of sociopathy, psychopathy, sadistic fulfillment, childhood abuse, and genetics.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Federal Bureau of Investigation defines a serial murder as the killing of several victims in ten or more separate incidents over an extended period of time (Dietz 483). Serial murderers are often classified into specific categories. One category is motive; motive killers are sexually sadistic killers or spree killers. The psychology of the killer is another category used to characterize these criminals. These types of killers are classified as sociopaths and psychopaths. This paper will focus mainly on killers of the psychotic and sexually sadistic kind, for these are the ones on which the public and media tend to focus.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to James Fox and Jack Levin (19), serial killers are most always Caucasian males who are in their twenties or thirties. Although there are reported cases of female serial killers, the field is predominantly composed of males. There are two key characteristics of a serial killer, one being the presence of sociopathy or aggressive antisocial behavior. It has been estimated that nearly three percent of males in our society may be sociopaths. Most socio-paths are not violent: they may lie, cheat, or steal, but rape and murder are not nec... ...ts continue to study genetics, they undoubtedly will provide more information about the genetic makeup of a serial killer. The public is disgusted by the bloody deeds that serial killers have committed, but they will forever intrigue us. The fascination stems from the fact that in most cases the killers are so similar to the common person. On the outside they seem as normal as the next. Fortunately for humanity, the next person is not capable of such ghastly deeds. These serial killers are often psychopathic or sociopathic persons who were abused as children. Others may be trying to fulfill their own sadistic fantasies that were brought on by their childhood experiences. The most recent reason identified is a link to a genetic predisposition to violence. The inherent goodness of humans can sometimes go awry and lead to a person who is as evil as a serial killer. No matter how one analyzes the killers, they are not normal in any sense. Edmund Kemper when asked what he thought when he saw a pretty woman walking down the street replied, â€Å"One side of me says, 'I'd like to talk to her, date her.' The ot her side of me says, 'I wonder how her head would look on a stick?'† (Ming Ho).

Punishment in Ancient & Medieval India and the World

ASSIGNMENT ON Presence of Illegal Bangladeshi Immigrants: A Grave Threat to India’s Internal Security Submitted By: Dhanya Babu 32712001 1st Year M. A Criminology INTRODUCTION The illegal immigrants from Bangladesh who are present in large numbers in India poses a grave threat to India’s internal security. It is found that there are around 10-20 million illegal Bangladeshi migrants in India. Unchecked and unregulated migration flows together with high fertility rates could create an alarming situation. Though attempts have been made in India to prevent illegal migration, they have been relatively weak.The 25-member committee, led by Bharatiya Janata Party leader Sushma Swaraj, took note of reports that counterfeit notes were in large circulation along the India-Bangladesh border and presence of illegal Bangladeshi immigrants in large numbers poses a grave threat to India’s internal security and the government should take it seriously and strictly monitor their mo vement. It took cognisance of reports that illegal Bangladeshi migrants were able to secure ration cards, driving licences, voter identity cards and even PAN cards.Media reports have attributed claims to the intelligence sources that terrorist groups have been recruiting Bangladeshis in India. It has also been reported that certain Bangladeshi insurgent groups were involved in the terrorist incidents in our country. Illegal Bangladeshi Migrants are also threat to language and culture of Assam. ULFA which arose as a protest against Bangladeshis lost credibility only when its leaders took shelter in Bangladesh after the Bhutanese operation against the group in December 2003. Arrest of Bangladeshi national S.M. Alam in January 2008 by Assam Police revealed ISI’s plan to turn northeast into a volatile region. The migrants have also spread into other places like Dimapur and Kohima. The illegal migrants are not involved into terrorism in a big way, but involved in gun running, fake currency rackets and drug running etc. Illegal Immigration – Why and How? Growing population pressure in Bangladesh acts as a push factor whereas growing Indian economy, relatively less pressure on land and weak state resistance act as pull factor.Islamic fundamentalist extremist groups are growing in Bangladesh and they are able to expand their activities in West Bengal as well. Some of such organistaions are Jamait-e-Islami-e-Hind, Jamait-Ahle-Hadis, Students Islamic Organization (SIO), Students Islamic Movement of India (SIMI) and Tabligh-e-Jamat. Four of them are most active. Meetings have taken place between Jamaat-e-Islami and West Bengal based radical Muslim organizations and it is believed that ISI is behind them. There has been a growth of unauthorized, illegal madrassas all over West Bengal particularly along the Bangladesh border.They are also using Kolkota and Agartala as bases being close to the border and people from both sides speak the same language. There ar e also groups which are directly involved in subversive activities such as HUJI. Siliguri town acts as gateway to Guwahati, Gangtok and Kishengunj and also shares the border with Bangladesh, Bhutan and Nepal. Important highways, railways tracks, vital installations such as the airfields of Bagdogra and Hashimara and oil pipelines are located here. Increase in Muslim population in Siliguri and adjoining areas has grown at an astonishing 150% in the past seven years.There are villages in and around Siliguri which have curious population mix and often act as heaven for ISI operatives. The villages have some 2,000 Pashto and Baloch settlers from Afghanistan along with 6,000 Iraninas. The increased activity of the ISI has endangered the security of the Siliguri corridor. ISI attempted sabotage in 1999 following a bomb blast at New Jalpaiguri Station. Steps Taken: To prevent the illegal immigration, the Union Home Ministry has taken various measures like construction of border fencing, fl ood lighting and roads to enable more effective patrolling etc.Assignment of border guarding duties on the Indo-Bangladesh border to a single force, Border Security Force, augmentation of its strength through additional battalions, reduction of gaps between border outposts, and provision of modern surveillance and other equipment and gadgetry to BSF are some other steps. The Home Ministry has also been issuing instructions to state governments and Union Territories from time to time to take sustained action to detect foreign nationals, including Bangladeshi nationals, staying illegally in the country.As many as 32 Foreign Tribunals under the provisions of the Foreigners (Tribunals) Order, 1964, have also been constituted in Assam for detention of illegal migrants and foreigners. The issue of illegal migrants from Bangladesh also figured prominently in the recent talks between the heads of Border Security Force and Bangladesh Rifles in Delhi. Steps Ought to be Taken: The following ar e some steps which can be taken to put an end to the illegal immigration in the country from Bangaldesh. Diplomatic Effort – India has to make diplomatic effort to get Bangladesh to cooperate as illegal migration cannot be solved in an effective manner unless sending country cooperates. Sharing of digital database of its citizens will make it easier. * Financial Incentives: India should think of offering illegal migrants financial incentives in the form of liberal trade regime, an infusion of aid and investment. * Coercive Diplomacy- The action of security forces should clearly convey to the illegal migrants that they would face greater danger if they try to cross the border. Better Border Management- Fencing, construction of border roads and proper management of border will make a difference * Use better Indo-Bangladesh relations- Both the countries have better relations and both side should demarcate remaining 6. 5 km of the border and the areas in adverse possession should be negotiated and form well defined border * Unique Identification Number (UID) scheme – Compilation of data is likely to reduce the comfort level of fresh illegal migrants. Bar from Voting rights- Bangladeshi who are already in could be allowed to work but should not be allowed to vote and this will diminish their ability to influence government decisions by being a political force. CONCLUSION The illegal Bangladeshi migration was not the core focus of the government but it has been forced to take a close look at the problem as the terror incidents grew in intensity and frequency. India must go for better border management and effective record keeping of its nationals so that outsiders are easily identified and discouraged from infiltrating.

Sweat Zora Neale Hurston

â€Å"Sweat† by Zora Neale Hurston is filled with many religious symbolism. Good versus evil plays a large role in the development of Delia and Skype Jones, as characters. The story is about Delia, an African American woman who is a washwoman for whites. Delia consistently looks to her religion for guidance and support as she endures the many hardships that she faces because, which are caused by her abusive husband and unfaithful husband, Sykes. Delia and Sykes Jones is a couple that have opposite moral values, but yet they are tied together through marital vows, that no longer have much importance or value. Delia Jones is portrayed as the Protagonist and a very modest woman of weakness who later gains the strength to stand u to her abusive husband Skyes. Delia looks to God and her religion to help her build the strength she needs, so she can continue to be protected from her husband who is both physically and emotionally abusive to her. However, Sykes Jones, is every bit the opposite of Delia Jones. He has neither religious values nor any important moral standards. He is an adulterous, who takes Delia’s hard working money, and spends not on his wife but on his mistress Bertha. Delia who relies solely on her faith and continues to stay contempt, no matter how her husband treats her, but Delia warned him that in the end, Sykes â€Å"sometime or ruther, Sykes, like everybody else, is gointer reap his sowing (par. 26). † The white clothes that Delia washes are a symbol of Delia’s character, as being humble and having a humble spirit through all of Sykes emotional torment. While the white clothes are symbols of purity ad humbleness, Delia is a symbol of a God (Christian) like figure. The snake and whip are symbols in the story that represent evil. A snake is generally recognized as evil religiously, because of the biblical story Adam and eve, when Satan turns into a snake. There were two instances in the story when Sykes decides to scare Delia; the first instance is when he rubs the whip on Delia and makes her think its and actual snake, the other instance is when Sykes decides to place a box outside the front door with a rattle snake inside. Since Sykes is the one creating these scare tactics to Delia, he can also be seen as a symbol of evil, which he becomes the evil antagonist of the story. These two instances could also be seen in the religious aspect with Adam and Eve. Another symbol that was present in the story was the dark grey sky. The dark grey sky symbolically means evil, remorse, and sadness. The dark grey sky came about when the snake Sykes used to scare Delia with, bites and kills him. While Sykes was dying, he was now feeling remorse for all his evil doings that he has done to Delia, so we think because he was calling out for her after the snake had bitten him. As the sky clears the story brings about another last symbol. Eventually, at the end of the story is when the reader can really see the Good vs. Evil. Sykes soon begins to â€Å"reap is sowing†(par26), when he comes home and is killed by the snake, the one thing that he had used to scare Delia with so bad that she would leave, or die even. As Sykes is dying the sky begins to clear and the sun begins to rise. The clear, light sky and the sun represents freedom, purity, and peace, and the clear sky can also represent the Delia’s character as well as the white clothes that were mentioned in the beginning of the story. In all the symbols that were present in the story, the most important symbol was Delia’s sweat. Delia’s work-worn knees crawled over the earth in Gethsemane and up to the rocks of Calvary (par. 58)† Delia worked constantly just so she could provide for her family; however, Sykes was not appreciative at all. The sweat was a symbol of Delia’s’ hard work, pain, and tears; because through out the story Delia worked, cried many tears, put up with Sykes antics, but she stil l remained contempt through all his mess. All in all Delia’s sweat represents how she work through to those trying times to take care of her family, there was a lot of pain and tears as well. Within the story there were certain things that really stood out religiously. The white clothes that Delia washes represent her character as humble, sanity, and how she remained contempt through Sykes torment and antics. The snake is show a couple of times within the story as well, when Sykes rubbed the bull-whip over her shoulder, the other is when he brought a real snake he had caught and placed it in the soap box. The snake ties into the Adam and Eve story when Satan took the form of a snake. The snake can also represent Sykes character as the antagonist. Zora Neale Hurston uses a lot of symbols and images that allowed the readers to actually visualize the story. Her short story also revealed how no matter how much a person is in love with someone, if the other person does not love them then, not even marital vows can hold an importance. This story also shows the times. This story shows that back then some men just did not care enough for their wives to help them take care of the home. Some may have felt as though they call all the shots and when things did not go their way then they get upset. However, it shows that no matter what everybody will one day have to reap their sowing just as Sykes had to, when his own antics caused him his life.

The Oxford Health Plans Inc. Company

The Oxford Health Plans Inc. Company Executive Summary The decline in profitability of Oxford Health Plans Inc. Company representing a loss of $291.3 million coupled with the plunge in the stock price of its shares of up to 80% drop, necessitated changes to improve the company’s financial status. The events arose because of the company’s weak internal financial systems.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The Oxford Health Plans Inc. Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company took steps among them, shakeup of its top management and pay cuts with the Ex-CEO getting a 61% pay cut. The company also sought financial bailout to the tune of $700 million to stabilize its financial position. The company also employed motivation to retain its employees through incentives involving share allocation at lower prices. Winslow, the author of the article holds the opinion that despite all these measures, the financial status of the compa ny is not likely to improve. He further argues that the incentive plan of awarding employees shares at lower prices may not be effective, as the value of the shares is not projected to increase and the company’s rating is at its lowest; B-minus as per Standard Poor. He blames the financial difficulties faced by the company on poor financial systems used by the company However, due to the restructuring and down sizing, more revenue will be generated and costs reduced. The financial loans will help the company to return to solvency. Already the company shares have shown signs of increase in value and the proposed junk bond offerings of $350 million will contribute to improvement of financial status of the company. The incentives to employees will serve to motivate them and lead to a raise in volume output. Cost Cutting The company must balance between cost reduction and the retention of talented employees. In the Oxford Health Plans Inc. Company, the management sought to increa se cuts in the bonuses of top executives (Winslow, 1998, p.B8). Most of these executives did not get any bonuses because of the losses incurred by the company. Outsourcing is another strategy that is useful in cost cutting.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A new management team to replace the current team with less pay package is useful in cost cutting like in the case of Oxford Health Plans company, the ex-CEO, Wiggins was paid more than the expected pay of the new CEO, Norman D. Payson. On the other hand, employees’ retention through share allocations acted as an incentive. Employee Retention and Work Incentives Good business management requires the productivity of the staff to increase over time. This is achieved through motivation and incentives awarded to the work force to increase output and increase staff retention (Baye, 2008, p. 58). The d ecline of profitability of a company would encourage employees seeking better work elsewhere. The management of Oxford Health Plans Company avoided loss of employees by facilitating employee ownership of the company through shares. The filing notes granted by the company to employees at an effective price of $17.25 a share, aimed at motivating the employees and giving them job security. The Oxford Health Plans company, as a way of motivating the employees also used the bonus allocation. The bonus plan should provide for compensation for the extra efforts of an employee (Baye, 2008, p.62). The executive vice president, Jeffrey H. Boyd based on an objective evaluation by the compensation committee, received a bonus of $250000 to compensate for his efforts and contributions to the company. However, this bonus plans were inappropriate because the financial performance of the company was low. Financial Bailout To stabilize the financial status of a company during times of low performance , a company might seek external sources of funding in form of secured and unsecured loans. The company can also seek internal funding like allowing the employees to invest in the company through shares. In the Oxford Health Plans company, the company resorted to tackling the poor performance through the board and hiring of new management team. The company also planned to issue junk-bond offering of $350 million to enable it to overcome the financial crisis.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The Oxford Health Plans Inc. Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion The Oxford Health Plans company resorted to pay cuts of its top executives because of dwindling profits and rewarded employees for extra efforts. Despite the poor performance of its shares in the stock market, the strategies involving staff motivation and cost cutting increased the prospects of the company making a financial turnaround. Thus , it is apparent that among other strategies, incentives and work bonuses are important to achieve high productivity of a company. Reference List Baye, M. (2008). Managerial Economics and Business Strategy. New York: McGraw Hill. Print. Winslow, R. (1998). Wiggins, Ex-CEO of Oxford Health, Took 61% Cut in Total Pay Last Year. The Wall Street Journal, B8.

Critical Essay

Critical Essay A critical essay is a kind of writing that requires its author to explore the strong and weak sides within a given subject. Many students mistakenly think that critical essay writing is a task where they need to criticize a given subject (novel, poem, piece of art etc). In the meantime, criticizing the subject is not entirely the purpose of this essay type. As a matter of fact, you can write a critical essay that entirely supports and praises the subject of analysis. But this is not the purpose of this essay either – the true  goal of the critical essay is an objective analysis of the subject and exposure of its strong and weak sides. What is a Critical Essay? A critical essay is a kind of writing that requires its author to explore the strong and weak sides within a given subject. This type of essay retains all the formal features of a classical 5 paragraph essay and consists of an introduction, several body paragraphs, and a conclusion. CRITICAL ANALYSIS WRITING The introduction should contain a thesis statement as well as catch the readers’ attention and provide some background on the problem. Body paragraphs expand ideas expressed in the introduction and provide more information to the reader on the writer’s stance. Finally, conclusion reiterates all the main ideas and shows how the introduction and the body paragraphs relate to the main topic of the essay. For a more detailed explanation of an essay structure, please see  this article. Why Is a  Critical Essay Called Critical? The critical essay has received its name because it requires its author to apply and demonstrate critical analysis while writing on a given topic. Critical analysis means that the author  needs not only to make a claim, but also to back it up with a judgment from a reputable source or, better, scientific research. Putting it differently, the essay is not a highlighting criticism, but rather emphasizing critical thinking and critical analysis in the paper. Educational Purpose Critical essay writing is one of the important prerequisites for writing research papers. These two kinds of assignments are highly similar because both require research and preparation. Both of them need to be objective and back up all claims with arguments from reliable sources. Furthermore, research papers require that a theory should be analyzed from all aspects, including strengths and weaknesses (which is exactly the purpose of the critical essay). Therefore critical essay writing can be viewed as ‘training grounds’ for writing bigger project like research papers and dissertations. CRITICAL LENS ESSAY The most critical differences in them are scope and sphere. Most typically, critical essays consist of 5 paragraphs, while a typical research paper often gets over 2 pages in length (10+ paragraphs). Another aspect to consider is that a critical essay is generally written on subjects like art, music, literature, while a research paper is written on a ‘hard-core’ research subject and requires a scholastic approach to writing, including language and formatting. Critical Essay vs. Argumentative Essay Both critical and argumentative essays are all about finding arguments to support a claim. Both of them take the basic essay format and structure. Both of them are objective and require linking to reputable sources to look more convincing. The core difference  between these essay types  is that they have difference objectives: the critical essay is expected to expose strengths and weaknesses of a paper, while the argumentative essay is meant to convince the opposition. Their core differences stem from their different purposes: critical essay highlights both sides of a problem (philosophically speaking, it uses the dialectic analysis), as it is meant to reveal the subject in its complexity; while the argumentative essay is looking for just ‘positive’ arguments, i.e. those that are meant to persuade the opposition. The Structure of the Critical Essay A well-formatted critical essay will succinctly state its thesis and then provide support for that thesis in a logical manner. It may be conceived of as a formal argument, with the conclusion stated early on in the paper as a thesis, and the evidence and logic that support the claim following the thesis. While the thesis and support are the two main components, the structure can be further broken down into five sections. In order, they are the following: an introduction a thesis a summary of relevant parts of the text being studied an argument that uses the text and supports the thesis a conclusion The purpose of the  introduction  is to immediately introduce the subject at hand. The introduction should be succinct and state only the necessary information: the text or work being studied the author or creator of the text or work in question the main idea All of this can often be stated in just one to three sentences, which provides room for including the thesis as the last sentence of the introduction. (The final sentence of the introduction is usually where the thesis is placed in any literary essay.) In just one sentence, a thesis should both define the scope of a paper and make an arguable claim. Following the thesis, its often wise to include a brief summary of the relevant parts of the text. The purpose of this summary is not to restate the text in a shorter form. Only pertinent passages or features should be included in this summary, as the primary aim of this section is to provide the evidence that will be used to form the argument in the rest of the critical essay. The argument will form the largest portion of the critical analysis, comprising at least several paragraphs. In longer papers, the argument will take up several pages, possibly even several chapters. Because a critical analysis is an objective study, the logical flow of the paper is of the utmost importance. To help readers of the essay follow the  argument, each paragraph should make a specific pointand only one pointthat advances the argument. Most paragraphs should start with a topic sentence and then have several sentences that support the topic sentence. In order to avoid extraneous details from clouding the logical flow, any paragraphs that do not directly support the thesis of the paper should be eliminated. Once the argument has been made, the paper should close with a brief  conclusion. There are several approaches to writing a conclusion. It may summarize the main points, explain how the thesis affects the reader, call the reader to an action or present a new question that the essay raises. Language and Tone Critical analysis essay requires the author to remain impartial and objective in the paper. The reader is not expected to see any of the personal beliefs of the author; if the author wants to make a claim, he or she is expected to make a reference to a reputable source. With the tone of the critical essay being objective, the use of first person pronouns (I, we, you etc) is discouraged, if not prohibited. Objective nature and tone of the critical essay can change depending on the audience (depending on the case, it can get lighter or even humorous). While writing a critical essay, it is best to use the claims and evidence approach. The author should be specific about the points that are being made about a novel, play, poem or essay. Again, all claims need to be backed up with facts that your audience finds credible and appropriate. Writing Always refer to the original requirements. If they have not been explicated, ask your instructor to provide more details on them. Make sure you fully understand the purpose of this assignment and the set requirements. It’s always a better idea to ask questions before starting the actual writing. This part is critical to the overall project success, so please do not ignore the initial instructions. This stage is called pre-writing, and can be compared to laying the foundation of a building. If it’s solid, the entire building will be strong and will last forever; if it’s shaky and unstable, it will ruin the entire undertaking. Once everything has been set and confirmed, proceed to the actual writing. Begin with the first draft and start a research in the background. Results of this research will then strengthen your argument and will make your critical essay effective. Once the backbone of your essay has been established, you can work on the wording. Ensure your essay flows and uses the language that is understandable to your target audience. In the end, run a spell checker to get rid of the typos and grammar mistakes. Finally, come back to read your paper again in a little while. If you like the final version and think you have expressed the ideas you were intending to express originally, you are ready to submit your paper! How Are Critical Essays Used Critical essays are widely used outside of the classroom, although they go by other names. Theyre used in all of the following: article and book reviews critiques of political speeches written academic debates literary studies Topic Ideas for Critical Essays Critical essays can examine almost any text, as long as they make an interesting claim about a pattern or problem within the text. Here are a few  examples of fruitful critical essay topics  from a variety of works: how the politics of a political candidate are expressed in a particular speech how symbolism functions in a book how a fictional characters dialect affects your interpretation of them how the perspective of a book influences the way its told how a particular work conforms to and differs from the standards of its genre what the meaning of a particular feature in a book is These general ideas are just a few ways you may approach your text. As long as your paper makes an arguable claim and supports it with examples from the work youre studying, youll have a good critical essay. – Expert in Critical Essay Writing   can boast extensive experience in critical essay writing. If you lack the research, language or writing skills, our expert writers are able to provide quality service and academic guidance.   If you are looking for some free samples, they are available for download free of charge. To view such an essay, simply go to our homepage and download the required sample from there. The downloaded file will give you a rough idea of  how to write  a critical essay. Alternatively, you can  entrust the writing process to the professionals  of critical essay writing, and the paper will be tailored to meet your needs. To order, contact live support via chat, phone or email or simply  visit our order page  to place your order – and we will be happy to assist you!

Teaching Grammar Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Teaching Grammar - Term Paper Example Education is a process of learning and acquiring skills and knowledge and it involves training that allows the learner to improve objectively. Textbooks, videos, modules and e-learning are just some of the ways how education is delivered (Dimarco 18). In the modern times, the said definition of education greatly applies as people prepare themselves for the corporate world after graduation, and organizations function through the application of knowledge and skills of the members and staffs. The education may not be limited only to formal education where classroom instruction is the prevalent method where skills and knowledge are passed on to the learners. Alternative education existed already before the onset of formal education but recently more educators are advocating alternative education since many people still cannot afford the formal education. They also focus on lifelong education and adult learning (Antikainen 11). In short, learning and education are intertwined in the pursu it of improvement of people. In teaching people about language, grammar is one of the main parts as rules must be present in constructing the words and sentences corresponding to certain sounds. Grammar revolves around a set of rules such as being taught widely, it is fixed and difficult. The grammar set and rules are just part of a narrow perspective of what grammar is (DeCapua 1). Grammar can also be defined as the systematic description of the skill level of a speaker as measured by the linguist (Fromkin, Rodman, and Hyams 13). In teaching grammar, many approaches can be used like IC analysis, TG grammar, case grammar, communicative grammar, and pedagogical grammar (EDL201). IC Analysis or Immediate Constituent Analysis is used to separate and dissect the words that make up a sentence with layered constructions (EDL201 207). On the other hand, transformational grammar describes the grammatical structure of the sentences using a set of rules that matches the knowledge of native En glish speakers (EDL201 243). Case grammar differs from IC analysis and TG grammar because case grammar includes semantics between verb and noun together with grammatical structure (EDL201 272). The fourth approach in teaching grammar is communicative grammar which is one of the newest methods. Competence in grammar is not the only consideration in linguistics since structure, function and form must also be taught in real life situations (EDL201 297). The last approach is pedagogical grammar which prioritizes the effectiveness of teaching methods to the students. It makes use of different approaches to boost the grammar learning efficiency via consciousness-raising approach and word approach (EDL201 323). The following approaches will be applied in various situations in the succeeding paragraphs. Various situations are provided to explore the importance of the methods described in the preceding paragraph. Each method is designed for particular scenario or needs of the learners, so so me methods may become more effective than other approaches in a particular situation. Five situations will be used: first, Filipino caregivers employed in Japan, Korea, China who have to teach their young wards how to speak, write and read English as part of the wards’ day- to- day school work; second, 15 to 17 year old Filipino high school students who have been hired as tourist guides for international tourists whose common language is English; third, Filipino adult migrant workers who are

Library Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Library Research Paper - Essay Example Instead of individual phonemes being connected to form the rudimentary parts of an out-loud language, sign language uses individual movements to create meaning. Nevertheless, the language itself is not merely a tool used by a particular community to express and communicate thoughts, emotions, and ideas to other people. A living object connects members of the deaf community across ethnographic boundaries, a range of diverse backgrounds, and a number of very different hearing loss disorders. In a rare look into the culture of deafness from a complex sociocultural perspective, anthropologists Richard J. Senghas and Leila Monaghan (2002) raised questions about community identity, language ideology, and cultural formation/maintenance, in an effort to learn about the kind of culture that deafness has produced within the last century. The researchers correctly identify deafness not merely as the absence of hearing, but as a community of many speakers with many different languages and cultur al practices. On a superficial level, the language of the deaf community reflects the nature of that community as one comprised of people who are inherently incapable of using the spoken word. Nevertheless, on a more fundamental level, the language of the deaf community reflects deafness as a matter of social construction, and that understanding the deaf language is instrumental to understanding the deaf community. Linguistic communities are collections of people who can and do communicate with one another using language. Deaf people, or members of the deaf community, participate in these linguistic communities through a fully-formed language that bears the hallmarks of all natural languages, as identified in Stokoe’s (1980) and Washabaugh’s (1981) surveys. The participation in a linguistic community means that the anthropological, sociological, and linguistic study of the deaf

Intermodal Transportation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Intermodal Transportation - Essay Example At the individual level, Americans spend all the more on transportation, cargo development, and driving, than they do on garments, working the family, diversion and intercity travel set up together. Transportation expenses represent 11 for each penny of extra cash, the fourth biggest thing in family spending plans (USDOT 1999b). Utilizing 1994 gross national item numbers, cargo transportation made up 6.3% for each penny of aggregate consumption, which could go up to 10–11 for every penny of aggregate use if incomes spent on stock, warehousing, and logistics administrations are incorporated (ENO 1998). As a rate of aggregate consumption, freight transportation accounts 38.52% for every penny of the aggregate while passenger transportation represents the rest (USDOT 1999b). The effect of cargo on the US economy is significant. Generally speaking, it is evaluated that most of the country’s revenue is generated from freight transportation. The author investigates the immense challenge of expanding the extent of intermodal freight transport. In perspective of the present overwhelming role played by road transport and the expanding impediments in adapting to an increase in the number of vehicles in a productive and reasonable way, multi-purpose freight transport could be viewed as a practical option. In any case, he makes acknowledgment of the way of there is the need to enhance the performance of the intermodal transport framework. The role played by the government in cultivating intermodal transport advancements has been highlighted by Holguin-Veras et al. (2008). Concentrating on the American cargo transport framework different authors distinguish diverse arrangements of elements that clarify the diverse range of factors that the government experiences in cultivating advancements: Incompatible goals and objectives of the private and open area, absence of

Science and Technology in Childcare

Science and Technology in Childcare Introduction This paper identifies the everyday concept in relation to science, a broad topic and the appropriate scientific concepts which can be introduced to the children. Using Slowmation as a digital resource, it can be used to develop to support the concept development and the storyboard to designate steps from everyday to scientific concepts. The ‘everyday concept’ identified From the observations obtained from the first assignment, the everyday concept identified is that â€Å"the plants are thirsty†, according to Ann’s theory as she waters the plants daily. From her understanding, the leaves are always thirsty and by watering on the leaves, it will not be thirsty anymore. Hedegaard and Chaiklin (as cited in Robbins, 2012) recommended that the most effective for learning happens when educators intentionally takes into children’s account. By identifying Ann’s everyday concept, I can then extend her understanding in scientific concepts through intentional and purposeful facilitation. This everyday concept can be utilized as a starting point for science experiences (Anderson, Ellis, Jones, 2014). Topic chosen and â€Å"Scientific Concepts’ Based on the everyday concept which I have identified, Plants would be the broad topic for children to find out more. As children are active and competent learners (Stoecklin, 2012), this topic would encourage children to have hands-on interaction, play and discovery as they would be involve in planting little seeds, which lead to understanding the scientific concepts relating from their everyday concepts. Children often began to ask questioning and engaging with natural and physical world which resulted in children constructing their own hypotheses from their everyday experiences (Anderson, Ellis, Jones, 2014). These concepts which children had organized does not have to be replaced, instead, it can be rationalised through facilitation (Anderson, Ellis, Jones, 2014). These are the specific scientific concepts that I aimed for the children in my class to understand: Most plants need water, light, minerals, warmth, air, Plants get the water from their roots Seeds grow into plants with roots, stems, leaves, and flowers Some plants grow from roots A plant’s roots use the soil to hold the plant in place. The plant can grow tall if it has a strong base. I have revisited some of these scientific concepts to assist me in supporting the children’s learning and develop it into digital teaching resource. According to Science of Life Explorations (n.d.), it explains what a plant need for growth. Each segment describes the environmental factors affected the growth of a plant. Too much or too little of each factor will slow down the development of the plant. To support Ann’s learning of her everyday concept â€Å"plants are thirsty† and relating to the scientific concept â€Å"plants need water and sun to grow†, I read up the factors affecting the growth of a plant and I learnt that too much water can make a plant die as plant’s roots need space and air to breathe. I also looked up â€Å"How Stuff Works† to find out more about how water helps in growth of the plant. In my readings, I reaffirmed that plants take in water through their roots and plants need water to support them (Freeman, n.d.). Thus, in my preparation for my resource, I will include this science concept in my digital resource. In addition, I also learnt that these scientific concepts are interlinked. To understand the growth of a plant, these are important factors which I hope the children will eventually understand as part of their potential learning progress. Digital Resource The digital resource that I would choose to develop to support and share this concept development would be to use slowmation. â€Å"Slowmation† (abbreviated from â€Å"Slow Animation†) is a simplified way of telling a story or explaining a concept that is played slowly at two second per second (Fleer Hoban, 2012). I believe that by using ‘slowmation’, I am able to share with the teachers on how this digital resource can be a pedagogical for refining their science teaching. Slowmation is being used as a method of encouraging teachers to begin to identify their children’s understanding in relation to their science topic which they are investigating (Keast, Cooper, Berry, Loughran, Hoban, 2010). Slowmation can be created through these five connecting representations (McKnight, Hoban and Nielsen, 2011). The first step is to write down notes from prior experiences, followed by using a storyboard to plan for animation to making simple models or using cameras to captures of models and moving them manually and lastly to create the animation. Although Slowmation is similar to clay animation and digital storytelling, it is easier to be implemented in a classroom and it displays the features like purpose, timing, orientation, materials and technology (Hoban, Nielsen, 2012). In relating back to the science concept, the growth of a plant can be narrated using Slowmation. In this case, I decide to pick a sunflower seed to demonstrate the growth of the plant. The purpose would be to explain on how a sunflower would grow from a seed. Children’s knowledge gained on the things such as sunlight and water which a sunflower needed to grow can be narrated in the animation. Fewer photos will be needed as animation is played slowly. The orientation of the models are usually in 2D, hence, it can be placed on the table and makes it easier to manipulate while capturing the photos. The materials used for the animation are easily available as it can be dough, drawings, pictures or 3D objects such as rocks, leaves, or seeds. This will be further explained in the storyboard. When teachers have gathered the children’s understanding science concepts about plants, it can be added into the animation and explain it in the narrative form. The main idea of slowmation is that a narration can be added to explain a particular science concept while the models are animated as in a narrated flip book (McKnight, Hoban and Nielsen, 2011). In a research done by Keast et al., (2010), they mentioned that Slowmation were most effective when the concept is self-contained and easy to summarise and represent after a series of lessons. It is also suggested that teachers who were introduced to Slowmation had incorporated into their teaching had benefited their children’s learning as it has helped them to better understand how their students developed their undemanding in their science concepts (Keast et al., (2010). Storyboard – Reviewing on the scientific concepts based on the growing of a plant Slowmation worked well as a review for the topic, taking in the major concepts of the topic (Keast et al., 2010). Taking into considerations from the everyday concepts identified, the storyboard described how the everyday concept leads to scientific concepts. Based on their knowledge gained, the children can narrate the story. The story began where Ann likes to water the plants then to finding out how plants grow using sunflower seeds. They can use dough to make a sunflower or even used a real sunflower in the story. While introducing the tools for planting, the real objects can be captured to include it in the Slowmation. In the following sequence of the story, children can draw out each stage of the plant, until it turned into a sunflower. Each step is carefully planned in such a way that the information that is needed to be shared is drawn. As the animation is play slowly at two frames per second, the children are able to view the process of the plant growing as part of the reflection. They will also explain the nutrients the plant need in order to growth and identifying the parts of the plant. To conclude the animation, a song about a little seed (refer to Appendix 2) can be added at the end of the story. In this storyboard, it is also clearly explained what plants need in order for it to grow, how a tiny seed grow into plants with roots, stems, leaves and flowers by using a sunflower to demonstrate the scientific concepts. Supporting Children’s Further Learning of the Scientific Concepts In addition to the digital resource, I would plan for an environmental project, in this case creating a garden to further enhance the environment and at the same time, the children would be applying the scientific concepts which they have learnt while embarking on this project. In addition to that, the children would also be exposed to learning about sustainable development. Banks (as cited in Fleer, Jane, 2011) reasoned that children should be practiced at thinking at a social, environmental, cost-effective, technical, moral and social level. While creating a garden to further enhance on the school environment, the children would further develop more scientific concepts such as growing root vegetables such as carrots, onions, garlic by placing these vegetables into the soil. The children will also be involved in technological thinking skills as they are thinking about their environment in school, designing and planning how they would want to create their garden. They will be using their imagination and creativity to create their garden. For example, the children may use materials they could use for their planters. This could an empty bottle, a container or even a tyre. Vygotsky (as cited in Fleer Jane, 2011, p. 89) mentioned that â€Å"imagination is not just an idle mental amusement, not merely an activity without consequences in reality, but rather a function essential to life†. The children also explore how to use gardening tools while doing planting. While planning, designing meaningful experiences for the children, the Ministry of Education (MOE) in Singapore has developed the iTeach principles to set as a guide for educators to take into consideration during their preparation in engaging with the children in bringing in everyday and scientific concepts together. â€Å"Teachers as facilitators of learning† (MOE, 2012) extended and scaffold the children’s learning through their abilities and experiences. This can relate to Rogoff’s three lenses of analysis on how educators can observe their children in school (Robbins, Bartlett, Jane, 2006). â€Å"Children learn when they are engaged in play that enjoyable and thoughtfully planned† (MOE, 2012, p. 34). This statement describes that play is the main tool for children to explore and learn in the environment. When children are engaged in purposeful play, the children are involved in not just only play, but bringing in active participation of children exploring, developing and applying their skills and knowledge based on their cultural, interests and abilities (MOE, 2012). In relating back to the everyday concept identified, Ann’s interest was displayed as she was watering the plants and this led to exploring more scientific concepts such as plants gets water from their roots, and find out what plants need in order to grow. As an educator, I have to constantly reflect on my teaching on how I can thoughtfully create stimulating and challenging environment that provoke children’s curiosity and sustain meaningful learning (Children’s Services Central, 2012). With â€Å"intentional teaching† (Children’s Services Central, 2012) in mind, I would place materials and tools purposeful and deliberately for children to notice and make use of them. I would also carefully choose the contextual learning environment for children to be engaged in. As my centre has a luxury of greenery space, it will definitely benefit the children’s learning in this authentic learning context where children construct more everyday concepts and relating it to the scientific concepts making real and relevant to the real world (MOE, 2012). Conclusion As an educator, it is important for me to understand how much the child already knows, how I can enhance the learning potential by bringing in personal experiences and incorporating intentional teaching while making use of the cultural influences and context available. The learning does not end once the child knows; it should be a learning journey for the children as they apply the skills in the real world. For educators, we should make an effort to increase our knowledge in science and develop confidence in teaching science (Robbins, 2012). Using digital resource has definitely helped me in explaining science concepts and made it easier for children and teachers to understand. References Fleer, M., Jane, B. (2011). Design and technology for children. (3rd ed). Frenchs Forest NSW: Pearson Australia. Robbins, J. (2012). Learning science in informal contexts: The home and community. In Campbell, C Jobling, W. (Eds) Science in Early Childhood (pp.94-112). Port Melbourne: Cambridge University Press. Robbins, J. Bartlett, J. Jane, B. (July, 2006). Children’s technological and scientific thinking in block play: A cultural-historical perspective. Paper presented at 40th Annual Conference of the Australasian Science Education Research Association, Deakin University, Geelong Australia. Anderson, J. L., Ellis, J. P., Jones, A. M. (2014). Understanding Early Elementary Childrens Conceptual Knowledge of Plant Structure and Function through Drawings. CBE-Life Sciences Education, 13(3), 375-386. Fleer, M., Hoban, G. (2012). Using Slowmation in early childhood centres: Possibilities and imaginings for intentional teaching. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 37(2), 61-70. Keast, S., Cooper, R., Berry, A., Loughran, J., Hoban, G. (2010). Slowmation as a pedagogical scaffold for improving science teaching and learning. McKnight, A., Hoban, G., Nielsen, W. (2011). Using Slowmation for animated storytelling to represent non-Aboriginal preservice teachers awareness of. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 27(1), 41-54. Hoban, G., Nielsen, W. (2012). Using â€Å"Slowmation† to enable preservice primary teachers to create multimodal representations of science concepts. Research in Science Education, 42(6), 1101-1119. http://www.cscentral.org.au/Resources/intentional-teaching-web.pdf http://www.letstalkscience.ca/hands-on-activities/life-science/how-do-plants-soak-up-water.html http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/geophysics/h2o5.htm Appendices Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Little Seed Rhyme First you take a little seed And plant it in the ground Then you pour some water on And let the sun shine down And watch it grow and grow and grow and grow Grow it up to the sun sun sun And let it bloom and bloom and bloom and bloom Flowers for everyone Name: Loo Si Hui Student ID: 25687514 Page 1

information Needs Essay -- Technology, The Internet, Information Syste

Information needs Now a day’s Within the revolution and challenging in information and communication knowledge and technologies, stream of information enormously increased ( Huotari,2001) .The Internet is a new channel for academic resources, and contains the massive amount of information. Also it is significant that the user is conscious of the diverse information that is available on the Internet, and educated in what measurable should be evaluated (Case, 2007 ) . The most important function of information system if to occupied and full filed the needs for document s and information needs for the users. Recently classification and Identification of information needs is essential to the developed the information systems in general and also to the provision of effective information services (Budzik , Hammond, Marlow, & Scheinkman ,1998) . such needs are related to the instructive behavior and such needs to improve the users knowledge to make a decision . Each customer and user have a different type of information need depending on what they are trying to find , If organizations can determine the most common information needs , they can select the best components to address those information needs(Case, 2007) . internet provides sources to seek and achieve information and appropriate the information needs in different stages of the search process (Bhatti ,2010) .The first step to recognize information needs is to approve different and new methods to collects and gather information on the various factors that influence the information needs (Werner , Horst, & Werner , 1997) In Today’s world , within rise of the Internet and technologies , users are more closer to search and find they needs ,and its s... .... However most of the site outlined several major problems associated with information needs within a low quality and low value in hospitality industry In the competitive marketplace in each industry, publishing the information can help to attract the customers and improve the profit for the organization developmental advances ,In addition to determine the power full organizations Identification of information needs is essential factor to design information systems and to the provision of effective information services to the customers and users ( Customer Information needs is affected by a selection of aspects such as: The variety of information sources that available on the web site ; Selected that which information’s have to used ,awareness about the customer and users and the visitors background, needs , and individuality such as social ,economical (

Image Case Study B2B

1. What do you think of Mr. Reynolds’ management methods in general? I think that Mr. Reynolds’ management method is very trusting and his style is somewhat laissez-faire, making it a somewhat fragile system. Reynolds doesn’t require paperwork which is usually used to detail and keep track of each employee’s actions but instead relies on trust and maturity amongst the salespeople. Generally such a method is a very risky but it seems that the intensive training that the employees receive builds their notion of responsibility.Furthermore, Reynolds’ management method tends to shy away from â€Å"burdening† his employees with potential estimates and quota targets like many other companies but believes each worker is ambitious for the company and themselves. His use of rewards and contests are very desirable for the employees but are very costly to implement – Reynolds must really trust his employees to make a return to cover such expenses. I do admire Reynolds discussion approach: discuss all work-related problems weekly or daily if necessary by telephone with their managers.The openness of the workplace probably uses the communication to replace the paperwork, a very admirable relationship in my opinion. I think Reynolds’ has crafted a very unique system which, although currently is effective under his management, seems very delicate to implement elsewhere and is very burdening on the company’s budget. I would not recommend it be to be adopted by other managers unless there is a strong financial foundation. 2.Does he have a quota system? What are quotas used for? Reynolds does not have a specific quota system to manage his sales force or use them as targets for his employees, but he does use a quota system to figure out the monthly shipment schedule. Quotas are figures that act as an individual’s target within a set time period, derived from past performances and â€Å"potential† or expec tations, and used as a benchmark for performance evaluations.Instead of a ‘quota’ system to evaluate, Reynolds uses a point system which is also dependent on one’s level of sales and uses it to rank employees based on their performance. The main difference, as perceived by Reynolds, is that the point system uses â€Å"personal objectives, not arbitrary quotas, to stimulate [his] salesmen. † 3. Do you think that the expenses of the US sales force are too high?I do think the expenses of the US sales force are too high. Reynolds’ incentives indeed are very creative and motivating, however, they are a bit too extreme and extravagant. I think it is possible for Reynolds to cut some of the costs whilst maintaining the same effect. For example, the Palm Springs convention could be cut by two days and top salesman and district manager can only go to one or two locations instead of three each year.

Lan-Based Computerized Office Equipment Borrowing System Essay

INTRODUCTION: Now a day, local area networking particularly computer jobs makes differences which are essential in our daily lives. Computer helps such an online marketing, online gaming as well as online reporting news updates to be specific. Local area networking also helps to do things in a short period of time. In fact computer change the lifetime state of the people in partnership himself and make it more essentials. LAN makes the industry more productivity in a way that some of the most companies used this to communicate more easier in terms of trading. As a result trading of products and equipments organized well and manageable. In reality, local area networking (LAN) is now part of our culture and industry, from the simple social works now enhanced and develops. One of that is Lan-Based Computerized Office Equipment Borrowing System which is used by the universities and also some big companies. In a ways that from the papers used to borrow, it becomes computerized to be more organized in borrowing equipments/items. A computerized borrowing system will even eliminated the rate of factual errors which are typically present in using manual process. It is helps to minimize the time consumption of gathering and borrowing equipments/items unlike on manual scheme. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY: Today we are living of the modern world, In fact technologies more enhanced, as the result it is now used in different kind of job, business, companies and big universities. In term of education, Lan-Based Computerize Office Equipment Borrowing System helps in transmission and borrowing data online to avoid some difficult circumstances and loss of that data and items not just in that mean but also to minimized the time consumption in gathering and borrowing equipments. In terms of business, Online Borrowing is also helps to minimized some factual errors which is typically found in manual transmission and borrowing of items and equipments. You can now also borrow books and some informative items used by the students online, with the help of Local Area Networking (LAN), the borrower will present his/her identification online with the help of LAN we can avoid the loss of items and data. We also we minimized the time consumption of borrowing and transferring item and equipments. Generally, Lan-Based Computerized Office Equipment Borrowing System helps in our lifetime it changes the lifetime of the people and makes it more essentials. Education, Big companies and universities are some of project beneficiaries. THEORITICAL FRAMEWORKS: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS: The following illustrations explain the existing system and how does the proposed system will improve the borrowing system in St. Catherine Institute of technology. Existing System: Figure no. 1 Manual Scheme of Student Examination Proposed System: Figure no. 2 Proposed System LAN – Based Student Examination System STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: 1. What is LAN – Based Computerized Office Equipment Borrowing System? 2. How the students rate the manual office equipment borrowing system? 3.1.1. Fair 3.1.2. Good 3.1.3. Satisfactory 3. What are the features of the LAN – Based Computerized Office Equipment Borrowing System? 4.1.4. Faster processing of borrowing request 4.1.5. More accurate borrowing schedule 4.1.6. Provides records of borrowing transactions 4.1.7. Establishes the formal approach of borrowing 4. Do you think it will be faster to trace delinquent borrower? * No   * Yes 5. Do you think it will be efficient and effective to both students and teachers to have this kind of program? 6. (LAN-BASED COMPUTERIZED OFFICE EQUIPMENT BORROWING SYSTEM) * No * Yes SCOPE AND LIMITATION: LAN – Based Computerized Office Equipment Borrowing System for SCIT covers only features the true identification of the students who have borrowed the equipment/item. This also covers the content of the items to be barrowed showed online. These systems help us to minimize the time consumption in terms of borrowing equipments. In assurance the people who`s responsible on borrowing data and equipment should only be used their true identification to avoid some difficulties and problem regarding equipment/item borrowing. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: This study benefits the STUDENTS, the INSTRUCTORS, the SCHOOL, the RESEARCHES and the FUTURE RESEARCHES. Students * This kind of program will very helpful to students because borrowing and returning equipments/items from office will be more easier, and because it is now computerized, students will not be confused on where or who to borrow. The student’s benefit it in terms of it minimized the time consumed on borrowing equipment. Instructors * The system gives the instructors assurance form the borrower because it’s all recorded form the program itself. Less time and avoid lost of the equipments/items borrowed. School * This study can promote the school by having an accessible and hassle-free computerized office equipment borrowing system. It can lead people, particularly students to enroll in this school. It also helps lessen the expenses because there will be no need of a lot of papers and record and personnel to manually identify all who’s borrow the equipment. Future Researchers * This study will also benefit the future researcher, because by this study, they can visualize and do a great research in the future. It can be a guide to their future study. DEFINITION OF TERMS: Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Related Foreign Literature According to Robson (2001), usability is the key requirement for users, says Elisabeth Robson, Product manager for Online Library Center. The catalogue has become a way to pull together disparate resources, including commercial resources and web links. Management system also allows circulation, including check and in check libraries to purchase materials and track where they are. According to Chad (2009), consulting is at a major point in the wider information economy within which library system from part of a larger whole. He was writing in briefing paper about the study in library management system. This study examines the system used in higher education libraries across the UK and came up with some significant observation and recommendations. It noted that the LMS market in UK higher education is already and that four main vendors ( EXLibris , Innovative , SirsiDynix and Talis ) have almost 90 percent of the market. This market maturity means, according to the authors, that the benefits to libraries of changing LMS provider are limited. Library users expect to find the everything together says Stephen Abram, vice president for innovation at SirsiDynix, the leading provider of software solutions and associated service for libraries. According to her traditionally, the library management system or integrated library system (ILS) was responsible for running libraries efficiently and effectively. Over last few years the role of the ILS has been expanding from meeting the library need to delivering user experience. Local Literature According to Eden (2011), views that most libraries are forced to work with few staff because of having a more improved and modernized system for their library. According also to the study the library administration need to emphasize to their staff that the organization has vested interest in providing them with the tools and training they need to assist the organization in new information market place. These maybe include search engines, circulation system and the online access catalog. According to Lopez (2002), University of the Philippines Mindanao when UP in Mindanao accepted its first batch of student in 1996, the Main Library collection was integrated with the core collection with the core collection of the School Management ( SOM ) Library at the Stanfilco Bldg., Ladislawa Avenue , Buhangin, Davao City. The Filipiniana and General References were housed together with the Collage of Art and Sciences (CAS) collection room 2 of the Philippine Coconut Authority. In the second sem ester AY 1996 – 1997, the CAS Library moved to its main campus in Bago Oshiro. Upon recognition of UP in Mindanao by Board of Regents (BOR) as constituent unit (CU) of the UP system, the cast split into two namely: Collage of Humanities and Social. Sciences (CHSS) and the Collage of Mathematic. (CSM). The Main Library transferred to newly renovate building were in the main collection was set-up besides the books of the CHSS and the CSM. In July 2002, the library established the Library Educational Media Information Technology Office (LEMITO). The LEMITO handles the audio visual services, internet and the connectivity of the library. It currently holds the office at the Elias B. Lopez Hall Dormitory. Later, the main library collection which grew from 100 titles to 6,191 volumes at the end of May 2004, and was transferred to the Administration Bldg today, the Main Library occupies the former UP in Mindanao Cultural Center (UPMCC) building. Related Studies The study of Charuasia (2010) connotes the term library with use of automatic Data processing machines to perform routine library activities. It implies a high degree of Mechanization of various routine and repetitive tasks & operations and processes are left to be performed by human beings. The study stresses library automation as the application of computers and utilization of computer based products and services in the performance of different operations and functions or in the provision of various services and output products. In addition to computer advancement, telecommunication and audio-visual technologies gives a way to new possibilities in information processing and handling. The study of Back & Bailey (2010), explored the design space of mash-up techniques for the faultless inclusion of information from Web services into websites. They considered the cases where an Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC) is either the target of such addition or the basis of the information bei ng included. They focused on client-side techniques in which each user’s browser contacts Web services directly because this approach lends itself to the creation of HTML widgets. The widgets allow the integration and customization of Web services without requiring programming. They also described in detail the functionality and use of several widget libraries and Web services we built. Although the specific requirements for each system differ because of their respective nature, all systems are designed to be deployable with minimum effort and resource requirements. This low entry cost, combined with the provision of a high-level, non-programming interface, constitute two vital precondition for the broad adoption of techniques in libraries, which in turn has the potential to vastly increase the reach and visibility of their electronic resources in the wider community.